The Wehrmacht recognized the Cossacks as military units with their own uniforms and insignia the 1st Cossack Division was established the next year. Goebbels welcomed their idea and by 1942 General Krasnov and General Shkuro had mustered a Cossack force - mostly from Red Army POWs captured by the Wehrmacht - who would be under the command of General Helmuth von Pannwitz. During the attack some ROVS, especially the Cossack émigré generals Pyotr Krasnov and Andrei Shkuro, asked Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels’s permission to fight beside Nazi Germany against Communist Russia. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany launched Operation Barbarossa and attacked the USSR, thus bringing Russia into World War II.
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